Cyber security (also written cybersecurity) is the practice of protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from digital attacks.
Think of it like locking your house:
1️⃣ What is Cyber Security?
Cyber security is the protection of:
from unauthorized access, damage, or theft.
It includes technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect systems from attacks.
2️⃣ Why is Cyber Security Important?
Because everything today is digital:
A cyber attack can:
Famous example:
3️⃣ The CIA Triad (Core of Cyber Security)
Cyber security is based on three main principles:
1. Confidentiality
Only authorized people can access information.
Example: Password-protected email.
2. Integrity
Data cannot be altered without permission.
Example: Bank balances must not be changed by hackers.
3. Availability
Systems and data must be accessible when needed.
Example: A hospital system must always work.
These three together form the CIA Triad.
4️⃣ Types of Cyber Threats
1. Malware
Malicious software like:
Example: WannaCry
2. Phishing
Fake emails or messages that trick you into giving passwords.
Example:
You receive an email saying:
“Your bank account is locked. Click here.”
But it’s fake.
3. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
Attackers flood a server with traffic to crash it.
4. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)
An attacker secretly intercepts communication between two parties.
5️⃣ Types of Cyber Security
1. Network Security
Protects internal networks from attackers.
2. Application Security
Protects software from vulnerabilities.
3. Cloud Security
Protects data stored online (Google Drive, AWS, etc.)
4. Mobile Security
Protects smartphones and tablets.
5. Information Security
Protects data from unauthorized access.
6️⃣ Basic Security Practices (For Beginners)
Here are simple but powerful habits:
✔ Use strong passwords
✔ Use two-factor authentication (2FA)
✔ Update software regularly
✔ Avoid clicking unknown links
✔ Install antivirus software
✔ Use a firewall
7️⃣ Example: Password Hashing (Basic Code Example)
Passwords should NOT be stored as plain text.
❌ Bad way:
password = "mypassword123"
If hacked, the attacker sees the password.
✅ Better way: Store a hash instead.
Example in Python:
import hashlib
password = "mypassword123"
# Convert password into a hash
hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()
print("Original Password:", password)
print("Hashed Password:", hashed_password)
What this does:
8️⃣ Example: Simple Password Strength Checker
import re
def check_password_strength(password):
if (len(password) >= 8 and
re.search("[a-z]", password) and
re.search("[A-Z]", password) and
re.search("[0-9]", password)):
return "Strong Password"
else:
return "Weak Password"
print(check_password_strength("Test1234"))
This checks:
9️⃣ What Does a Cyber Security Professional Do?
They:
Common roles:
🔟 Career Path in Cyber Security
To start:
Certifications beginners often take:
import hashlib
import re
# ---------------------------
# Password Hashing Example
# ---------------------------
password = "mypassword123"
hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()
print("Original Password:", password)
print("Hashed Password:", hashed_password)
# ---------------------------
# Password Strength Checker
# ---------------------------
def check_password_strength(password):
if (len(password) >= 8 and
re.search("[a-z]", password) and
re.search("[A-Z]", password) and
re.search("[0-9]", password)):
return "Strong Password"
else:
return "Weak Password"
print(check_password_strength("Test1234"))