Output formatting means displaying information in a neat, organized, and readable way.

For example:

Instead of this messy output:

Danny 25 95.5

We want something cleaner like:

Name: Danny
Age: 25
Score: 95.5

📌 1. Basic Output Using print()

print("Hello World")

You can also print variables:

name = "Danny"
print(name)

📌 2. Printing Multiple Values

name = "Danny"
age = 25

print(name, age)

By default, Python separates them with a space.

📌 3. Using sep (Separator)

The sep parameter controls how items are separated.

print("Python", "Java", "C++", sep=" | ")

Output:

Python | Java | C++

📌 4. Using end (Line Ending)

By default, print() ends with a new line (\n).

You can change it:

print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World")

Output:

Hello World

📌 5. f-Strings (Best & Modern Method ✅)

This is the easiest and most recommended method.

name = "Danny"
age = 25

print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")

Why f-strings?

• Easy to read
• Fast
• Clean
• Modern (Python 3.6+)

📌 6. Controlling Decimal Places

price = 19.9876
print(f"Price: {price:.2f}")

Output:

Price: 19.99

.2f means:

• 2 decimal places
• f = float

📌 7. Setting Width (Alignment)

You can control spacing.

name = "Danny"
print(f"{name:10}")

This means:

• Reserve 10 spaces

Alignment Options

| Format | Meaning | Example |
|--------|----------|----------|
| :<10 | Left align | f"{name:<10}" |
| :>10 | Right align | f"{name:>10}" |
| :^10 | Center align | f"{name:^10}" |

Example:

print(f"{'Python':<10}")
print(f"{'Python':>10}")
print(f"{'Python':^10}")

📌 8. Formatting Numbers

Add Commas (for thousands)

number = 1000000
print(f"{number:,}")

Output:

1,000,000

Percentage Format

score = 0.85
print(f"{score:.0%}")

Output:

85%

📌 9. Using format() Method

Older but still useful.

name = "Danny"
age = 25

print("My name is {} and I am {}".format(name, age))

You can also number them:

print("My name is {0} and I am {1}".format(name, age))

📌 10. Old % Formatting (Very Old Method)

name = "Danny"
age = 25

print("My name is %s and I am %d" % (name, age))

📊 Comparison of Formatting Methods

| Method | Easy to Read | Modern | Recommended |
|--------|--------------|----------|--------------|
| f-string | Yes | Yes | ✅ Best |
| format() | Medium | Yes | ✔ Good |
| % operator | Harder | No | ❌ Old |

📌 11. Escape Characters in Output

| Escape | Meaning |
|--------|----------|
| \n | New line |
| \t | Tab space |
| \\ | Backslash |
| \" | Double quote |
| \' | Single quote |

Example:

print("Name:\tDanny")

Output:

Name:   Danny

📌 12. Printing a Simple Table

You can format output like a table:

name = "Danny"
age = 25
score = 92.456

print(f"{'Name':<10}{'Age':<5}{'Score':<10}")
print(f"{name:<10}{age:<5}{score:<10.2f}")

Output:

Name      Age  Score
Danny     25   92.46

📌 13. Real-Life Example (Student Report)

name = "Danny"
math = 85
english = 90

average = (math + english) / 2

print("----- REPORT -----")
print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Math: {math}")
print(f"English: {english}")
print(f"Average: {average:.2f}")