In JavaScript, a statement is a single instruction that the browser can execute. Think of it as a sentence in a programming language. Statements tell JavaScript what to do, such as declare a variable, perform a calculation, or show a message.

Each statement typically ends with a semicolon (;), though in many cases JavaScript can handle missing semicolons automatically.

1️⃣ Types of JavaScript Statements

Variable Declaration Statements

Used to declare variables that store data.

let name = "Alice";  // Declare a variable using let
const pi = 3.1416;   // Declare a constant
var city = "Paris";   // Declare a variable using var (older)

• let → modern, block-scoped
• const → constant, cannot be reassigned
• var → older, function-scoped

Expression Statements

Expression statements compute a value. Most assignments or operations are expressions.

let x = 5;          // Assignment expression
x = x + 2;          // Updates the value of x
console.log(x);     // Output: 7

• Anything that produces a value can often be used as an expression.

Conditional Statements

Used to make decisions based on conditions.

let age = 18;

if(age >= 18) {
  console.log("You are an adult");
} else {
  console.log("You are a minor");
}

• if → checks a condition
• else → executes if condition is false

Loop Statements

Used to repeat a block of code multiple times.

for(let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
  console.log("Number " + i);
}

• for loop repeats code 5 times
• Other loops: while, do...while

Function Statements

Functions are reusable blocks of code.

function greet(name) {
  console.log("Hello, " + name + "!");
}

greet("Alice"); // Calls the function

• Function declaration creates a statement
• Calling the function executes its code

Break and Continue Statements

Used inside loops to control flow.

for(let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
  if(i === 3) break;     // Stops the loop when i is 3
  console.log(i);
}

for(let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
  if(i === 3) continue;  // Skips the iteration when i is 3
  console.log(i);
}

• break → exits the loop completely
• continue → skips current iteration

Compilation of Entire Code

Explanation:

• Declares variables (let)
• Uses an expression statement to increment age
• Uses a conditional statement to decide message
• Uses a loop statement to build a number string
• Defines a function statement to generate a greeting
• Displays results dynamically in the browser